Deuteronomy 6–8 provides the backdrop. All three of Jesus’ quotations from Scripture draw from this source, and all three tests echo it as well: hunger and trust in God’s provision (Deut 8:3, recalling Exod 16 [manna]); worship due only to God (Deut 6:4, 13–14; cf. Exod 32 [golden calf]); and questioning God’s fidelity to promise and provision for the people (Deut 6:16, recalling Exod 17 [Massah]). Jesus, in a sense, recapitulates the experience of testing that God’s “son” Israel endured in the wilderness,
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